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Agnikula (“fire lineage”) A collective name for the four main clans of Rajputs (warrior princes): the Pariharas, Chauhans, Solankis, and Pawars. According to tradition, this collective name refers to the Rajputs’ descent from a single mythical king who had arisen from a sacrificial fire pit at Mount Abu in the state of Rajasthan. Although their historical origin is unclear, these four clans ruled over much of northwestern India, either as independent kings or feudal vassals, after their appearance at the end of the first millennium.

Is a simple square pavilion (mandapa) with a tower (shikhara) over the main image of the deity, one of the hallmarks of later Hindu temples. A temple to Durga built about a century later has the general plan of a chaitya, but a shikhara was also added. Although the temples at Aihole are related to the earlier forms, they also prefigure the mature development of medieval Hindu architecture. Aims of Life (purushartha) Four general goals that Hindu society has accepted as legitimate ends for all human beings: artha (wealth and power), kama (desire, especially sexual desire), dharma (righteousness or religious duty), and moksha (final liberation of the soul from the cycle of reincarnation).

One way that the Tamils retain their culture is by preserving their traditional calendar. Tamil is one of the few regional languages in India with an ancient, well-established literary tradition. See also Tamil months, Tamil Nadu, and Tamil language. Adigranth (“Primal Book”) One of the names for the Sikh scripture, most often used by people outside the tradition. Sikhs themselves are more likely to use the honorific title Shri Guru Granth Sahib, which reflects the scripture’s status as the spiritual leader (guru) of the Sikh community.

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