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Extra resources for Economics of Fire Protection

Example text

For example, if two projects appear to be equally profitable (as evaluated by a sounder technique than PP), it may be that the project with the shorter PP will be preferable, given that time risks and liquidity are important. The PP method discussed above can be termed the ‘crude payback period’ in order to distinguish it from the payback period discussed previously (pp. 26–8), which is based on the net present value of discounted benefits. This latter PP also suffers from the disadvantages discussed in this section with regard to the crude PP.

For a specified period of years, the NPV decreases with increasing discount rate. Internal rate of return As discussed in the previous section, the NPV at 10 per cent discount rate is positive, but it becomes negative at 12 per cent. For a specified period of years, the NPV will be zero at a particular discount rate defined as the internal rate of return (IRR) or the marginal efficiency of capital. 3. In this figure, a straight line has been drawn connecting the two points representing the two discount rates (10 per cent and 12 per cent) and their corresponding NPVs.

3. In this figure, a straight line has been drawn connecting the two points representing the two discount rates (10 per cent and 12 per cent) and their corresponding NPVs. 4. 4 per cent. To find the IRR, the NPVs should be calculated at several discount rates, including at least one negative NPV. Then, inter-polation may be used to find the discount rate at which the NPV is approximately zero. A more accurate value of the IRR may be obtained by using a computer program. As discussed above, the internal rate of return is the annual rate at which invested initial capital is recovered through benefits accruing over a given period of years.

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