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Sample text

This peeling action, however; is undesirable. If these high temperatures are anticipated on the anchor, then an alternative means of corrosion protection should be employed. ANCHORAGE DESIGN FOR PETROCHEMICAL FACILITIES 23 Most epoxy grouts experience excessive creep and loss of strength when exposed to high temperature. Hydrocarbon-based bonding materials such as epoxies, carbonize at approximately 572º F (300º C), leading to permanent loss of mechanical properties. In the case of adhesive anchors, the relationship between temperature rise and bond resistance of the adhesive in situ will determine the load capacity of the anchorage when exposed to high temperature.

Additionally, if yielding of a ductile connection produces a hinge in a structure which leads to or causes a brittle failure elsewhere in the structure, the benefits of this ductility are, at best, underutilized, and the engineer should evaluate alternative methods of introducing ductility into the system. However, these decisions depend on the characteristics of the structure. If the anchor load is to be transferred to the supporting foundation without accounting for assistance from reinforcement, the concrete strength design, which uses factored loads, should be in accordance with ACI 318 Appendix D.

ASTM A370-10, Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products, ASTM International: West Conshohocken, PA. ASTM A449-10, Standard Specification for Hex Cap Screws, Bolts and Studs, Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105/90 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength, General Use, ASTM International: West Conshohocken, PA. ASTM A563-07a, Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts, ASTM International: West Conshohocken, PA. ASTM A563M-07, Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts [Metric], ASTM International: West Conshohocken, PA.

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