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Extra resources for Petroleum Refining in Nontechnical Language

Sample text

C. Tail ends occur because the of one cut overlaps the of another. d. As vapor moves up the distilling column, its temperature ________________. e. Lowering the end point of a distilling column cut the volume of that cut and the API gravity. 2. The refinery operations manager is told he must produce 33 M B/D of furnace oil this winter. He is also told he will be supplied with 200 M B/D of crude—30 M B/D of Louisiana crude and 170 M B/D of West Texas. The distillation curves for those crudes are given below.

Refiners usually mean effective cut points when they talk about distillation. These represent the compromise temperature at which the cuts can be considered effectively cleanly cut. Typically 1% might evaporate lower than the IBP and higher than the EP. In the petrochemicals business, producers deal with single chemicals and delicate chemical reactions. Variations like this cannot be tolerated, but most end uses of petroleum are more accommodating. When you see cut point in the rest of this book, it will implicitly mean effective cut point.

Isobutane is the isomer of normal butane. Why is there not an isomer of benzene, C6H6? 2. How many different ways can isobutane be structured? Isopentane? Isobutylene? 3. Name the four types of structures generally referred to as the PONAs. 4. There are three different kinds of xylene. Can you draw the two not shown in figure 6–8? 5. Why is there only one type of toluene? 7 REFINERY GAS PLANTS …and he shall separate them one from another, as a shepherd divideth his sheep from the goats. —Matthew 25:32 Almost all refinery processing units generate some volumes of butane and lighter gas.

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