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Additional info for Handbook of Petroleum Product Analysis (Chemical Analysis: A Series of Monographs on Analytical Chemistry and Its Applications)

Sample text

Each test has its own limits of accuracy and precision that must be adhered to if the data are to be accepted. 8. ACCURACY The accuracy of a test is a measure of how close the test result will be to the true value of the property being measured. As such, the accuracy can be expressed as the bias between the test result and the true value. However, the absolute accuracy can only be established if the true value is known. In the simplest sense, a convenient method to determine a relationship between two measured properties is to plot one against the other (Fig.

56°C). Gravity is a factor governing the quality of crude oils. However, the gravity of a petroleum product is an uncertain indication of its quality. Correlated with other properties, gravity can be used to give approximate hydrocarbon composition and heat of combustion. 5 and is also a critical measure for reflecting the quality of petroleum. API gravity or density or relative density can be determined using one of two hydrometer methods (ASTM D-287, ASTM D-1298). The use of a digital analyzer (ASTM D-5002) is finding increasing popularity for the measurement of density and specific gravity.

The means by which the sample was obtained. 5. The protocols that were used to obtain the sample. 6. The date and the amount of sample that was originally placed into storage. 7. Any chemical analyses (elemental analyses, fractionation by adsorbents or by liquids, functional type analyses) that have been determined to date. 8. Any physical analyses (API gravity, viscosity, distillation profile) that have been determined to date. 9. The date of any such analyses included in items 5 and 6. 10. The methods used for analyses that were employed in items 5 and 6.

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