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Additional resources for Fundamental Building Materials: Fourth Edition

Example text

Early Persian uses of brick are well known and some very ancient examples still exist as testimony to the durability of brickwork. The Chinese had well-fired bricks in use in the third century BC when the Great Wall was constructed. The Romans used brickwork for structure and decorative purposes. The circular and segmental arch form, often of brickwork, became an important element of their architecture wherever they conquered. They spread the art of brickmaking into Europe and England. The thin, red, Roman-style bricks are still a feature of many Italian cities today.

21 TIMBERS & BUILDING BOARDS Joining; softwoods; hardwoods; strength; grading-sawing variations; sapwood; heartwood; species; terms; chemical constituents; hazards; preservatives; variations; defects; structural timbers; laminated timber; joinery timber; references; characteristics summary; building boards. Introduction The great asset of timber is its lightness for strength available, combined with the ease of cutting, fitting and joining it with simple hand tools. The visual and tactile qualities of the material have also been appreciated, especially for furniture and internal finishes where the variations of natural grains and figurings can be seen and felt.

Log - the felled tree trunk, stripped of branches, ready for transport to the sawmill. Balk - a large sawn timber member approximately square in section and 300 mm to 450 mm on each side. Planks - formed by sawing the balk lengthwise into sections of, say, 200 mm wide x 50 to 75 mm thick. Scantlings - structural members such as bearers, joists, plates, etc. usually referred to by their nominal size. Sawn boards - usually 100 mm to 200 mm wide and 20 mm to 25 mm thick and rough off the saw. Dressed boards - as above for nominal size but machine planed or `dressed’ to produce a smooth face.

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