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Extra info for Concrete mixture proportioning: a scientific approach

Sample text

1 Compaction index and actual packing density We are looking for a scalar index K, which would take a value that depends only on the process of building the packing. 34) with where Fi is the actual solid volume of class i, while is the maximum volume that particles i may occupy, given the presence of the other particles. In other words, the n classes of grain with partial volumes equal to would form a virtual packing. Function H can be calculated by considering only the self-consistency of the model.

Dreux only collected real grading curves of ‘fair’ concretes that had been used on site, and smoothed those curves using this model. 21 Ideal grading curve (after Dreux). 9 Dreux-type continuous gradings. Theoretical and experimental packing densities. 22 Effect of A (proportion of grains finer than half the maximum size) on the packing density, in Dreux-type graded aggregates: (a) rounded; (b) crushed. 9 and Fig. 22). 26%). Joisel’s data With the view of building a concrete mix-design method, Joisel (1952) carried out packing density measurements on dry mixtures.

1990). These fibres have the ability to deform when submitted to the pressure exerted by coarse aggregates, which decreases their perturbation effect (Fig. 34). Therefore the model is not expected to give good predictions with other types of fibre, such as glass or polypropylene. Fortunately, most fibres used in structural concretes are generally stiff steel. As for the container wall effect, corrected values of βi have to be introduced in the CPM equations to predict the packing density of polydisperse granular mixes containing fibres.

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