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Extra resources for Acidic Pit Lakes: The Legacy of Coal and Metal Surface Mines

Sample text

This was verified when the previously acidic residual lake Niemegk was filled with river water to reduce acidity. While the introduced flooding water had neutralized the epilimnetic waters within a short time period during 2000, the deep waters retained their low pH until deep recirculation later during the year allowed for vertical exchange of dissolved substances, such as buffering chemicals, into the deeper water (Fig. 15, Boehrer et al. 2003). Gradients of pH are stable over longer time periods only where density gradients reduce vertical mixing.

The source of the salt in the river water was agricultural land use (McCullough et al. 2010), which is causing salinization of soil, groundwater, and river water in many regions of Australia. g. Jolly et al. (2001).

However, those investigations were done in water originating from a waste rock dump of a Canadian base metal mine. In pit lakes resulting from coal and lignite mining, only iron and aluminum reach concentrations high enough to form relevant buffering systems. Calcium, sodium, and potassium (Fig. 17a) do not show a clear concentration dependence on pH. This may be due to the formation of secondary minerals, such as gypsum and jarosite. 1). For at least some of the Australian pit lakes, the diversion of highly saline water into lakes from the local rivers during the first flush at the beginning of the wet season would have likely disrupted any relationship between these cations and pH.

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