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Additional info for The Reform of Class and Representative Actions in European Legal Systems: A New Framework for Collective Redress in Europe (Studies of the Oxford Institute of European and Comparative Law)

Example text

This approach began in the 1960s and coincided with the rise of Western consumerism. The process was significantly enhanced and solidified by the advent of a series of European measures aimed at harmonising consumer protection law, which provided for consumer organisations to adopt the mechanism of seeking collective injunctive relief as one means of enforcement of the substantive rules. This solidification could not have taken place without the structure, goals and mechanisms of the EU. This EU-inspired momentum gathered particular pace during the 1990s, and led to pressure for phase three.

3 See glossary. 6 Introduction as encouragement of business compliance with regulatory requirements, maintenance of an orderly and level market, behaviour modification and delivery of effective compensation. It continues by considering the adverse effects that are associated with class or collective actions, notably capture by intermediaries in pursuit of personal rent maximisation and the debate on how these might be avoided. This leads to a summary of the challenges that are faced in designing balanced mechanisms that provide effective regulation and compensation.

The first part, chapters two to four, examines the factual position of the state of development of collective redress mechanisms. It gives an indication of the history of the introduction of mechanisms at national and European level, and notes the divergent models, some relating to general court rules and others to specific sectoral instruments. It reveals an almost bewildering flowering of different but interesting approaches. However, the development of concern over collective redress at European level in relation to competition and consumer protection emerges as an important lever for change.

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