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Additional resources for The Java Virtual Machine Specification

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These variables are called the components of the array. If an array has n components, we say n is the length of the array. 4). 1 Array Types All the components of an array have the same type, called the component type of the array. If the component type of an array is T , then the type of the array itself is written T []. The component type of an array may itself be an array type. The components of such an array may contain references to subarrays. If, starting from any array type, one considers its component type, and then (if that is also an array type) the component type of that type, and so on, eventually one must reach a component type that is not an array type; this is called the element type of the original array, and the components at this level of the data structure are called the elements of the original array.

1 Names Names are used to refer to entities declared in a Java program. A declared entity is a package, type, member (field or method) of a type, parameter, or local variable. 2). Qualified names provide access to members of packages and reference types. ” token, and an identifier. Not all identifiers in Java programs are part of a name. Identifiers are also used in declarations, where the identifier determines the name by which an entity will be known, in field access expressions and method invocation expressions, and in statement labels and break and continue statements which refer to statement labels.

A value too small to be represented as a float is converted to a positive or negative zero; a value too large to be represented as a float is converted to a positive or negative infinity. A double NaN is always converted to a float NaN. Despite the fact that overflow, underflow, or loss of precision may occur, narrowing conversions among primitive types never result in a runtime exception. 4 Widening Reference Conversions Widening reference conversions never require a special action at run time and therefore never throw an exception at run time.

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