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Extra resources for The Iroquois (Indians of North America)

Sample text

On the opening day, the elders who were the keepers of the faith went to every home in the village to announce the beginning of the festival. They instructed all residents to clean their homes, visit their neighbors, and stir the ashes on their hearths. q 26 7/24/04 12:06 PM Page 26 THE IROQUOIS and stirring the ashes in each home. The faithkeepers also visited homes to stir the ashes and give thanks to the Creator for preserving the people through the year. There is evidence that at one time the people extinguished the old fires in their homes and kindled new ones as a symbol of renewal.

This first encounter with European firearms caused havoc among the Iroquois, and the Montagnais and their allies soon had them on the run. The attackers killed about fifty of the fleeing Iroquois and took twelve prisoners. It was a victory that firmly sealed the friendship of the French and the Indian tribes of Canada and began decades of alternating deadly conflict and diplomatic peace between the Iroquois and the French. q 7/24/04 12:07 PM Page 39 Iroquois and Europeans Another encounter between the two sides, the Battle of the Richelieu, on June 19, 1610, was even more significant than the previous year’s Battle of Lake Champlain.

The Mohawks resumed hostilities along the Ottawa and St. Lawrence Rivers in Canada, and Iroquois warriors attacked Indian allies of the French in the upper Great Lakes region. The French were rapidly becoming exasperated with the Iroquois. In 1664, the English conquered New Netherland and renamed it New York. These newcomers lost little time in negotiating treaties of friendship with the Indian allies of the Dutch. Fort Orange was renamed Albany and became the center of English treaty-making with the Iroquois.

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