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Additional info for Surface Production Operations, Volume 1:, Second Edition: Design of Oil-Handling Systems and Facilities

Sample text

In the black box (the controller) is a device that sends a signal to the actuator, which opens/closes the control valve to control pressure. Figure 1-26 shows a self-contained pressure controller, which has an internal mechanism that senses the pressure and opens/closes the valve as required. Figure 1-27 shows two types of level controllers that use floats to monitor the level. The one on the left is an on/off switch, and the two on the right send an ever-increasing or decreasing signal as the level changes.

However, it may also add backpressure to wells, restricting their flow, and allow more gas to be vented to atmosphere at the tank. Usually, an operating pressure of between 50 and 100 psig is optimum. As stated before, the operating pressure of the highest pressure separator will be no higher than the sales gas pressure. A possible exception to this could occur where the gas lift pressure is higher than the sales gas pressure. In choosing the operating pressures of the intermediate stages it is useful to remember that the gas from these stages must be compressed.

Stage Separation Figure 2-5 deals with a simple single-stage process. That is, the fluids are flashed in an initial separator and then the liquids from that separator are flashed again at the stock tank. Traditionally, the stock tank is not normally considered a separate stage of separation, though it most assuredly is. Figure 2-6 shows a three-stage separation process. The liquid is first flashed at an initial pressure and then flashed at successively lower pressures two times before entering the stock tank.

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