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Example text

The internal resistance is reduced significantly though by the corrosion defect and therefore the reduced wall thickness t – d is used for terms describing the internal resistance. Based on this discussion, Eq. 36]:  ! 37] In the following, PY is conservatively used as the characteristic collapse pressure Pc. 5. INTERACTION OF BENDING AND PRESSURE The interaction between moment capacity for a nonpressurised pipe and the external collapse pressure may be expressed according to Eq. 38] pc Mc Analytical versus Finite Element Results Due to lack of available results from tests of corroded pipes in the literature, it has been necessary to use finite element analyses to verify the analytical solution.

37] where XC is the characteristic value of Xi, and BX is a normalized variable reflecting the uncertainty in Xi. The statistical values for these biases are given in the next section. 6. DESIGN EXAMPLES Cited from a practical evaluation of an existing dented pipe, an example is given to verify the presented model and demonstrate its application in assessing structural integrity of damaged pipes.

The finite element results presented in this figure demonstrate that the main reduction in collapse strength occurs when the defect is introduced, and thereafter decreases only slowly with increased defect width. In general, the agreement between the analytical results and the finite element results seems good for the entire range of defect depths and width. 12 are for a pipe exposed to an external overpressure of 75% of the collapse pressure for a noncorrode pipe then subjected to increased bending until the maximum bending capacity is reached.

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