Get Produced water treatment field manual PDF
By Maurice Stewart
ISBN-10: 1856179842
ISBN-13: 9781856179843
Produced water is especially salty water trapped within the reservoir rock and taken up in addition to oil or gasoline in the course of construction. just about all offshore oilfields produce huge amounts of infected water which can have major environmental results if now not dealt with appropriately. Over the lifetime of a good, the amount of water produced will exceed the quantity of oil through an element of 3-6 instances. given that produced water has no advertisement price, operators needs to be able to regard really quite a lot of water on the lowest attainable expense. choked with over 500 tables, figures, and equations, the target of this e-book is to supply anybody who's thinking about the layout, operation, upkeep and sizing of produced water remedy structures, with a convenient connection with the most recent expertise, administration, remedy, and dealing with practices. This ebook will supply readers with the required perception to: current an outline of a number of the water treating apparatus which are presently in use supply functionality facts for every unit enhance a "feel" for the parameters wanted for layout and their relative value strengthen and knowing of the uncertainties and assumptions inherent within the layout of a number of the goods of apparatus define sizing strategies and gear choice the target of this booklet is to supply the reader with adequate info to make higher logical offerings in designing and working the approach. To a wide volume, the layout of a method, the sizing of person items of kit and the operation of the method needs to be tempered by way of the adventure and judgement of the fashion designer and operator. current an outline of some of the water treating gear which are at present in use supply functionality information for every unit enhance a "feel" for the parameters wanted for layout and their relative significance improve and realizing of the uncertainties and assumptions inherent within the layout of many of the goods of apparatus define sizing approaches and kit choice. Read more... half One: simple issues -- half : Water treating gear -- half 3: details required for layout -- half 4: Influent water caliber -- half 5: apparatus choice and function -- half Six: Filtration -- half Seven: Solids removing apparatus
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Example text
The height of the oil can be controlled by: Interface control Water leg similar to that shown in Figure 1-7, or Bucket and weir arrangement Horizontal vessels are more efficient at water treating because the oil droplets do not have to flow countercurrent to the water flow. Vertical skimmers are used in instances where: 1. Sand and other solid particles must be installed. This can be done with either the water outlet or a sand drain off the bottom. Experience with elaborately designed sand drains in large horizontal vessels is expensive, and they have been only marginally successful in field operations.
Inlet oil droplets may shear in the spreader, which would make separation more difficult. This configuration would be preferred when a pressure vessel in a highpressure system is needed. Vertical Units Vertical units require collection channels on both ends: One end to enable the oil to rise to the oil/water interface One end to allow the sand to settle to the bottom Can be designed for more efficient sand removal. Cross-flow device may be installed in an atmospheric vessel, as shown in Figure 1-19, or in a vertical pressure vessel.
Vertical Cylindrical Skimmer One can determine the required diameter of a vertical cylindrical tank by setting the oil rising velocity equal to the average water velocity as follows: Settling criteria Field units d2 ¼ 6691FQw m ðDSGÞdo2 ð1-15aÞ SI units d2 ¼ 6:365x108 FQw mw ðDSGÞdo2 ð1-15bÞ where F ¼ factor that accounts for turbulence and short circuiting ¼ 1 (diameters < 48 in. 2 m)) ¼ d/48 (diameters > 48 in. 2 m)) d ¼ vessel diameter, inches Substituting this into Equation 1-15 yields the following: Field units d2 ¼ 140FQw mw ðDSGÞdo2 ð1-16aÞ SI units d2 ¼ 5:3x109 FQw m ðDSGÞdo2 ð1-16bÞ Retention time criteria: The height of the water column in a vertical skimmer can be determined for a selected d from retention time requirements: Produced Water Treating Systems 39 Field units ð0:7Þtw Qw d2 SI units H¼ ð1-17aÞ 21; 218tw Qw d2 where ð1-17bÞ H¼ H ¼ height of the water, ft.
Produced water treatment field manual by Maurice Stewart
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