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Additional resources for Polymer Composites for Civil and Structural Engineering

Example text

6 The major thermosetting resins The major thermosetting resin used in the construction industry is the polyester resin, three principal types of which are used as a laminating resin: the orthophthalic type is a general purpose resin, the isophthalic one has superior weathering and chemical resistance properties and the hot acid type is used for flame-retardant purposes. Fillers and pigments may be used in resins, the former principally to improve mechanical properties and the latter for appearance and protective action.

23) 24 POLYMER COMPOSITES FOR CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Halpin [6J expressed the composite longitudinal modulus of elasticity as E - E 1 + ~'1 Vr m 1 V. 25) ~ = [Ir; [ and r are the length and radius of the fibre, respectively. 26) and MIMm = (1 + ~'1Vr)/(1- '1Vr), '1 = [(Mr/Mm) -lJ/[(Mr/Mm) + ~J, M is the composite property E22 G12 or V 23 , Mr is the fibre property Er, Gr or Vr and Mm is the matrix property Em' Gm or vm. Krenchel [8J has used eq. 11) by introducing an orientation efficiency factor '10 to take account of randomly orientated fibres.

Alkaline and carbonated); stress rupture/stress corrosion behaviour; residual strength under sustained loading; fatigue data and fatigue on bond. 9 Mechanical properties of polymers Unreinforced polymers exhibit relatively poor mechanical behaviour when under load. 5 370-700 450 74 210 70 10 12-13 23 4 39 FIBRE MATRIX MATERIALS specimens prepared by casting the uncured polymer into moulds. 3 compares the most important mechanical properties of some unreinforced thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers with traditional structural materials, the properties of the polymers, however, are subjected to wide variations depending upon the chemical system used and the cure conditions.

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