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Pharmacology

By David Healey

ISBN-10: 0520951816

ISBN-13: 9780520951815

This searing indictment, David Healy’s such a lot entire and forceful argument opposed to the pharmaceuticalization of drugs, tackles difficulties in overall healthiness care which are resulting in more and more deaths and disabilities. Healy, who used to be the 1st to attract consciousness to the now well-publicized suicide-inducing negative effects of many anti-depressants, attributes our present situation to 3 key elements: product instead of method patents on medications, the category of yes medications as prescription-only, and industry-controlled drug trials. those advancements have tied the survival of pharmaceutical businesses to the advance of blockbuster medicines, in order that they needs to overhype merits and deny genuine risks. Healy additional explains why those tendencies have primarily ended the potential of common overall healthiness care within the usa and in different places around the globe. He concludes with feedback for reform of our at present corrupted evidence-based scientific method.

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Gini G, Lorenzini M, Benfenati E, Brambilla R, Malvé L (2001) Mixing a symbolic and a subsymbolic expert to improve carcinogenicity prediction of aromatic compounds, LNCS 2096. Springer-­Verlag, New York 29. Gini G, Craciun M, Koening C, Benfenati E (2004) Combining unsupervised and supervised artificial neural networks to predict aquatic toxicity. J Chem Inf Comput Sci 44(6):1897–1902 30. Friedman J (1997) On bias, variance, 0/1 loss and the curse of dimensionality. Data Min Knowl Discov 1:55–77 31.

It is really necessary to test all of them on animals? Even more, it is necessary to synthetize them or would it be better to in silico assess their properties before making them, using a proactive strategy? The Declaration of Bologna, in 1999, called the 3 R (for Reduce, Refine, and Replace), proposed a manifesto to develop alternative methods that could save millions of animals. In this scenario, the ethical issues, however, are advocated also by authorities that have to protect humans and see the animals as a more ethical use than that of humans.

Be fast and conservative in decisions taking. Public, media, and opinion makers; they wants to be ­protected against risk at 100 %. Part of the population is strongly against the use of animal models. As we may understand, good and validated in silico models can attract agreement from multiple actors. We have to note that for QSAR systems the output of the model, despite its good predictive value, is not sufficient; documentation enabling the user to accept or not the prediction is necessary. Some European projects, as CALEIDOS and PROSIL, are working in this direction.

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Pharmageddon by David Healey


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