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Extra resources for Nonconventional and vernacular construction materials : characterisation, properties and applications

Example text

The increased use of locally available natural and waste materials in construction can promote environmental sustainability and aid in the eradication of extreme poverty. Many of the world’s most poverty-stricken people live in remote locations, typically rich in natural resources. In many of these areas, the use of steel and reinforced concrete in construction has become a symbol of economic status. These materials are imported for use when local, natural materials can also be used to create structures that can successfully meet the intended need at a lower cost and environmental impact (considering precautions are taken to prevent deforestation or depletion of other resources).

This natural building material is traditionally produced in handmade moulded or compressed shapes and is air-dried in a shaded area. Adobes, in general, are used in hot and dry climates and are extremely durable according to studies carried out by Ghobadian (1994). Adobe or earthen constructions are one of the oldest building materials in the human society; there are many known old buildings around the world with nearly 10,000 years of history. As an example, the Bam citadel located in KermaneIran (Persia) is a fortified town completely built of adobes.

Elastica, but this initial analysis gives a close approximation to the actual load capacity of this tree root bridge in Cherrapunji, India. The results of this analysis show that the bridge is well designed to safely carry the expected loads in its application as a pedestrian walkway. This brief overview of historic constructions shows the importance of continued research and development of different materials for use in construction. Since the development of industrialized materials, including steel and concrete, natural materials have been abandoned for their structural use.

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