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Additional resources for Military Governors and Imperial Frontiers C. 1600-1800: A Study of Scotland and Empires (History of Warfare, V. 17)

Example text

Even more than was the case with the Bank of England, the finance sector in Scotland was intertwined with issues of political authority and commercial progress. 50 The way in which background could influence official policy is also central to Alex Murdoch’s chapter on James Glen. Its emphasis on the existence and impact of Scotland’s own internal frontier of Highland and Lowland warns against assumptions that Britain was a homogeneous imperial core. This differentiation is also evident in Hanson’s chapter, which discusses Highland reliance on military employment while Lowlanders favoured a more civilian, commercial direction.

In such circumstances, aristocratic elites could gain hereditary control over the state functions mentioned above. Monarchs in different kingdoms found that one method by which they could prevent this domination was to utilise dependent foreigners to preserve the royal grip, or at least lessen the tendency towards elite appropriation. Amongst the most important agencies of state was the army, an institution that naturally played a significant role on imperial frontiers. In 1625, Christian IV of Denmark-Norway discovered that his military mobilisation against the Holy Roman Empire heightened his nobility’s demands for an increase in tax concessions in return for their support.

Social and material gains, meanwhile, such as ennoblement and the grant of estates to Scots, was overly reliant on the influence of the Stuart court at Copenhagen. Once this waned, however, subsequent Scottish governors in Oldenburg service were concentrated in the less remunerative occupation of last ditch frontier defence. In Sweden, by contrast, the promotion structure was more systematic. Scots could reasonably expect to progress through the officer ranks to the post of colonel. Only then was it usual to receive a governorship.

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