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Muhammad's view of both Judaism and Christianity was, at least at the beginning, primarily sympathetic. Jews and Christians were "people of the book" and so were allowed religious autonomy; however, they had to pay a per capita tax, and that, in fact, led many of them to convert to Islam in the century after the Prophet's death. Their status was very different from that of pagans, who were forced to choose between conver­ sion and death. From the beginning, Islam was a fierce, warrior faith; its outward manifestation was jihad, or holy war.

Then consider the five words bat, bet, bit, both, and but. They mean completely different things. There is no semantic connection between any two of them. In writing, the difference is expressed by the five vowels, a, e, i, o, and u. In writing, the difference is unambiguous. ) Written Chinese employs thousands of different signs to transcribe its thousands of different sounds, each having a different meaning. English has as many different sounds as Chinese, and probably more words and meanings, but only twenty_-six signs are needed to write all the words in the language.

He married and lived in luxury. But when he was twenty-nine he awoke to the recognition of man's fate, which is to grow old and sick, then die. Overwhelmed with sadness, he began to seek some means of allaying the pain of life. He left his wife and infant son and wandered south to the Magadha kingdom, hoping to find teachers who could give him the answers to his questions about the meaning of suffering. With them he attained to a state of mystical contemplation, as was traditional in Indian religion of the time.

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