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By Frederic Wakeman

ISBN-10: 0520029070

ISBN-13: 9780520029071

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Additional info for History and Will: Philosophical Perspectives of Mao Tse-Tung's Thought (Center for Chinese Studies, Uc Berkeley : No 9)

Example text

For example, the civil service examination system was unknown in Tibet, and reincarnation was certainly not an acceptable way to transfer power in China. The Tibetan elites accepted a sufficient amount of bureaucratic supervision to satisfy the Qing imperial rulers, and in turn the Qing imperial rulers accepted and supported Tibetan Buddhism sufficiently to convince the Tibetans of their genuine support and interest. However, the Qing imperial institutions deliberately rested very lightly on Tibet.

At the same time the Chinese envoy Huang Musong was sent to Tibet with four hundred thousand silver dollars to make religious offerings. Having participated in Tibetan Buddhist rituals in China, he was aware of the central importance of religion to the Tibetans. He followed Buddhist protocol by prostrating himself at the principal religious shrines and distributing cash to twenty thousand monks in Lhasa. He also gave assurances to the Tibetan government that China would respect and support Tibetan Buddhism and preserve the political system that maintained the monasteries if the Tibetan government would acknowledge that Tibet was a part of China.

In general, vacancies for the position of the Mount Wutai jasagh lama were to be filled by a khenpo (Ch. kanbu) sent from Tibet to the capital. 33 Other specific references to the succeeding generations of jasagh lamas are difficult to come by until the mid-twentieth century when these lamas were again to prove essential in communications between China and Tibet. Once the Qing government extended its power into Tibetan regions in Qinghai and Central Tibet in the eighteenth century, an entirely new group of lamas born on the borderlands between the two countries served as intermediaries between the court and Tibet.

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History and Will: Philosophical Perspectives of Mao Tse-Tung's Thought (Center for Chinese Studies, Uc Berkeley : No 9) by Frederic Wakeman


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