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Additional resources for Global Warming

Sample text

17 Berger says that more than 65 percent of the warming that has occurred over the past century has been caused by the carbon dioxide added to the atmosphere by humans. The First Warning The first scientist to propose that increased carbon dioxide could alter the atmosphere was a Swedish chemist named Svante Arrhenius. In the late 1890s, he studied the paper that had been written by JeanBaptiste-Joseph Fourier about seventy years before. Arrhenius agreed with Fourier about the role of heattrapping gases in the atmosphere, and he was intrigued with the scientist’s theory that the earth acted like a giant glass vessel that trapped and held heat.

When animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, horses, pigs, and camels eat grass and hay, the food is bro- The Human Contribution ken down in their digestive systems by bacteria. Methane is expelled into the air when these animals belch, and when their manure decomposes. In countries where there is a high amount of agriculture, farm animals are often the largest source of methane. In Scotland, for instance, farm animals produce more than 45 percent of the country’s total methane, while in New Zealand the number is much higher: nearly 90 percent.

Terra’s MICR instrument has nine separate digital cameras that take pictures of Earth from different angles, while its MOPITT instrument uses light sensors to 37 38 Global Warming measure concentrations of methane gas and carbon monoxide, two heat-trapping gases. The satellite’s instrument MODIS measures cloud cover and also monitors changes in Earth due to fires, earthquakes, droughts, or flooding. An instrument called CERES measures both incoming energy from the sun and reflected energy from Earth and studies the role that clouds play in this energy balance.

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