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Additional info for Gasification

Sample text

In these methods the temperatures measured relate to the behavior of an ash 50 Gasification sample under specified conditions and are reported as IDT (initial deformation temperature), ST (softening temperature), HT (hemispherical temperature), and FT (fluid temperature). For gasifier applications the ash-melting characteristics should be determined under reducing conditions, as these data may differ considerably (generally, but not universally lower) from data for oxidizing conditions. An additional property required for slagging gasifiers is the slag viscositytemperature relationship.

Coal consumption has been stable over the last ten years. Nonetheless it plays an important part in the thinking of many long-term energy strategies, despite its contentious role in the production of CO2 as a greenhouse gas. The reason for this can be seen from the figures in Table 4-1. The ratio of reserves to current production (R/P ratio) is 216. In other words, at current consumption rates the world’s reserves would last 216 years. 7% 100% Source: BP 2002 41 234 381 167 >500 246 147 216 42 Gasification Compare this with 62 years for natural gas and 40 years for oil.

4 OPTIMIZING PROCESS CONDITIONS Dry coal feed entrained-flow slagging gasifiers operate at temperatures of typically 1500°C. At this temperature the oxygen consumption is high, but nevertheless there is still some moderator required. The challenge is to operate with close to the minimum amount of gasifying agent required, as this reduces the amount of expensive oxygen per unit product gas. But there is more: the less oxygen that is used, the more steam we need. This is not so bad, as oxygen is more costly than steam.

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