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Additional info for Fluid catalytic cracking handbook: design, operation, and troubleshooting of FCC facilities

Example text

The reaction is normally selferminating because iron sulfide coats the metal surface with a rotective film that inhibits further corrosion. However, if cyanide is resent, the iron sulfide is removed and bisulfide corrosion is no longer elf-terminating. Hydrogen cyanide is formed in the riser from the eaction of ammonia and CO. Ammonia cyanide is formed from the eaction of hydrogen cyanide and ammonia. The ammonia cyanide will issolve in a wet environment and ionize into cyanide and ammonium ons.

N each option, the mercaptans are first oxidized to disulphides. One option, extraction, dissolves the disulfides in caustic and removes them. The other option, sweetening, leaves the converted disulfides in the product. Extraction removes sulfur, while sweetening just removes the mercaptan odor. Extraction is used for light products (up to light naphtha) and sweetening for heavy products (gasoline through diesel). Sweetening of the FCC gasoline is usually sufficient to meet its ulfur specifications.

Addiional tests are needed to fully characterize the feed. Distillation Boiling point distillation data also provides information about the quality and composition of a feed. The significance is discussed later n this chapter. Distillation indicates molecular weight and carbon number. " Before discussing the data, the different esting methods and their limitations should be reviewed. The feed to the cat cracker in a typical refinery is a blend of gas oils rom such operating units as the crude, vacuum, solvent deasphalting, and coker.

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