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Extra resources for Environmental rock engineering : proceedings of the First Kyoto International Symposium on Underground Environment, 17-18 March 2003, Kyoto, Japan

Example text

Figure 1 illustrates one of the stages under development in the past. Determination of the branch characteristics was carried out for the net- Table 1. Input and output parameters of the calculation system. , to the theoretical heat, gr, transferred from rock only, (1) Geometrical conditions (2) Thermal parameters (3) Airway condition parameters (5) Output parameters from airway characteristic determination subsystem; and (6) Fan pressure, pF, in each airway (7) Average temperature and humidity though a year and temperature amplitude of cyclic change in the period of a year for each surface entrance For each airway: (4) The rate of flow, V1, temperature, , and specific humidity, f, of air current under the assumption that the surface temperature does not vary through a year (5) Estimation values of the temperatures at both the inlet and the outlet for each specified time under the condition where surface temperature changes periodically λ θ θ Θ Θ, Simulation λ, δ φ λ δ g r = 2πSλ gη t (θ i − θ w ) η t = f (at / r12 , hr1 ) h = α / λg , r1 = 2 F / U θ w = wall temperature α = heat transfer coefficient at wall (3) The ratio of actual moisture transfer from partially wet wall to the theoretical moisture transfer from totally wet wall, φ θ w = (1 − φ )θ wd + φθ ww θ wd = dry wall temperature θ ww = wet wall temperature Figure 1.

The effects of jointing in the surrounding rock mass have been evaluated both implicitly and explicitly using FRACOD. The likelihood and the pattern of rock fracturing in the vicinity of the shafts and galleries have been systematically evaluated and the necessary rock reinforcement estimated. 1 INTRODUCTION tailed numerical study to investigate the EDZs using the fracture propagation code, FRACOD. This study is part of the systematic pre-excavation study of the EDZs for the MIU project. FRACOD is a code designed to simulate fracture initiation, propagation and coalescence in hard rocks (Shen and Stephansson, 1993; Shen, 2002).

As the gushing zones of hot mineral water are in Gifu side, and the zones of high temperature are in Nagano side, we must to know previously the variation of climate in the tunnel after usage. Seasonal variations of surface climate were measured at the entrances of Aboh Tunnel where the investigation tunnel was under excavation. The original rock temperatures and the thermal constants of rock along the tunnel were also investigated. And prediction calculation was carried out, being based on the investigation results and assuming traffic conditions.

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