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Example text

6) ~20(x, P) -- P O(x, p) - 1 0 ( x , 0). 7) ~X 2 O~ O~ These are the subsidiary equations which, when solved, give the Laplace transform 0(x, p) of the solution of the original equations. If 0(x, p) is found in a table of transforms then the solution for O(x, t) may be determined immediately. 8) y-ioo where y is a large number such that all the singularities of O(x, p) lie to the left of the line (y - ioo, y + ioo). The solution of the subsidiary equations (Carslaw and Jaeger 1959) is given by O(x, p) - cosh[(p/a) 89 q(x, p) = - k(p/a) 89sinh[(p/a) 89 p) - sinh[(p/a) 89x]q(0, p) k(p/a) 89 p) + cosh[(p/a) 89 p).

Qfs = N ~[AiUiRoi(~ i=l s where N is the total number of exposed opaque surfaces, o~i the surface shortwave absorptivity, eiloi the longwave radiation exchange with the surroundings (W m-2), Roi the combined surface resistance (m2~ W -l) and isoi the mean solar flux incident on the opaque surface: m ~_~Isoi(t)[m t=l where m = 24 for the daily mean and Isoi(t) the instantaneous solar flux impinging on opaque surface i (W m-Z). The mean solar gain through transparent surfaces is found from m Q~ - Z Q~(t)/m t=l where Qs(t) is the instantaneous solar gain at time t (W).

The response factor method, like its analytical counterpart, the frequency response method, can be used to estimate the internal air temperature prevailing in an unconditioned building and the heating/cooling requirements for constant or varying internal conditions. 4 gives the sequence of steps involved in the computation of the overall response of a building zone to 28 Integrative modelling methods variations in external and internal conditions. In most response factor implementations, the overall response is conveniently considered in two stages: the load profiles are determined relative to some fictitious and constant internal reference temperature; and any deviation of the internal temperature from the chosen reference is determined as a function of known plant operational characteristics and capacities.

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