Read Online or Download Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Scenarios (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Series, Volume 2) PDF

Best environmental studies books

Download e-book for iPad: Geographic Uncertainty in Environmental Security (NATO by Ashley Morris, Svitlana Kokhan

On June 28 via July 1 of 2006, a NATO complicated learn Workshop was once held in Kyiv, Ukraine. This workshop introduced the head researchers in Fuzzy GIS jointly, either from NATO nations in addition to companion international locations. The workshop taken with how uncertainty and fuzziness may be higher modelled and carried out in Geographic info technology to aid selection makers make extra educated offerings, specially as they pertain to environmental defense and security.

Precious Heritage: The Status of Biodiversity in the United - download pdf or read online

From the luxurious forests of Appalachia to the frozen tundra of Alaska, and from the tallgrass prairies of the Midwest to the subtropical rainforests of Hawaii, the us harbors a notable array of ecosystems. those ecosystems in flip maintain an excellent number of plant and animal lifestyles. For species comparable to salamanders and freshwater turtles, the USA ranks because the worldwide heart of range.

Download e-book for iPad: Biodiversity (Papers from the 1st National Forum on by Edward O. Wilson, Frances M. Peter

This crucial ebook for scientists and nonscientists alike calls consciousness to a such a lot pressing worldwide challenge: the speedily accelerating lack of plant and animal species to expanding human inhabitants strain and the calls for of monetary improvement. in keeping with an incredible convention subsidized by means of the nationwide Academy of Sciences and the Smithsonian establishment, "Biodiversity" creates a scientific framework for examining the matter and looking for attainable recommendations.

Download e-book for kindle: Clean Solvents. Alternative Media for Chemical Reactions and by Martin A. Abraham, Luc Moens

Fresh Solvents: substitute Media for Chemical Reactions and Processing makes a speciality of using fresh solvents for chemical strategies, with an emphasis on chemical reactions, in one finished quantity. earlier books at the topic have excited by functions of particular solvents.

• Karst Environments: Karren Formation in High Mountains
• Alluvial Geoarchaeology: Floodplain Archaeology and Environmental Change (Cambridge Manuals in Archaeology)
• Techno-Fix: Why Technology Won't Save Us or the Environment
• Wetlands: Environmental Issues, Global Perspectives
• Foundations of Restoration Ecology: The Science and Practice of Ecological Restoration (Science Practice Ecological Restoration)

Extra info for Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Scenarios (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Series, Volume 2)

Sample text

4 Values Associated with Ecosystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Assessment Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Strategies and Interventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Linkages between Ecosystem Services and Human Wellbeing This chapter provides the summary of Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, Ecosystems and Human Well-being: A Framework for Assessment (Island Press, 2003), pp. 1–25, which was prepared by an extended conceptual framework writing team of 51 authors and 10 contributing authors.

Ecosystem management practices that maintain response diversity, functional groups, and trophic levels while mitigating chronic stress are more likely to increase the supply of ecosystem services and decrease the risk of large losses of ecosystem services than practices that ignore these factors. The scenarios indicate that present goals for reduced rates of biodiversity loss, such as the 2010 targets of the Convention of Biological Diversity, will be difficult to achieve because of changes in land use that have already occurred, ongoing stresses from climate change, and nutrient enrichment.

This is particularly true when conditions are changing rapidly, when conditions are variable, when control of ecosystems is limited, or when uncertainty is high. [3] The MA scenarios examine the need to develop and expand mechanisms of ecosystem management that avoid large ecosystem changes (by reducing stress on ecosystems), allow for the possibility of Table S1. Costs and Benefits of Proactive Management as Contrasted with Reactive Ecosystem Management Payoffs Proactive Ecosystem Management Reactive Ecosystem Management benefit from lower risk of unexpected losses of ecosystem services, achieved through investment in more-efficient use of resources (water, energy, fertilizer, and so on), more innovation of green technology, the capacity to absorb unexpected fluctuations in ecosystem services, adaptable management systems, and ecosystems that are resilient and self-maintaining avoid paying for monitoring efforts do well under smoothly or incrementally changing conditions build manufactured, social, and human capital do well under changing or novel conditions build natural, social, and human capital Costs technological solutions can create new problems costs of unsuccessful experiments costs of monitoring some short-term benefits are traded for long-term benefits expensive unexpected events persistent ignorance (repeating the same mistakes) lost option values inertia of less flexible and adaptable management of infrastructure and ecosystems loss of natural capital 7 large ecosystem changes (by choosing reversible actions, experimenting cautiously, and monitoring appropriate ecological indicators), and increase the capacity of societies to adapt to large ecosystem changes (diversifying the portfolio of ecosystem services and developing flexible governance systems that adapt effectively to ecosystem change).

Download PDF sample