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Extra resources for Dams and disease : ecological design and health impacts of large dams, canals, and irrigation systems

Example text

2). Such models are adequate for estimations of salt and nutrient concentrations for reservoirs that have short residence times. 3). The depth of light penetration can be approximated by the Secchi disk measurement, and the Secchi disk measurement can be estimated from the phosphorus nutrient loading on the waterbody. This phosphorus loading factor has other uses related to snail population predictions, including the amount of food in the habitat, as measured by chlorophyll concentrations, and the amount of fish predation to be expected on the small snails.

9 Small aircraft used in reconnaissance of proposed irrigation system along Setit River on Eritrea-Sudan border. It is important that the cockpit have several windows, all located below the wing, for best viewing. SEASONS In addition to wet and dry season surveys, it is helpful to construct transmission-season diagrams for the most important diseases, so as to plan field surveys for vectors and disease transmission at times of the year when the numbers of vectors and parasites are at their highest, to make detection more likely.

1993) Report on water resources policy and planning: towards environmental sustainability, ISPAN project. USAID, Washington, DC, USA. 3 Predicting health impacts in the Tropics Dams and canals have enormous impacts on the health of tropical people, and even some impact on the health of those in cooler, temperate zones. In the Tropics, the creation of a reservoir containing a reliable supply of slowly moving water which persists during dry seasons, or the cascading of flow over a spillway during seasons of plenty, also create new and enormous habitats for certain aquatic insects and snails which spread human and animal diseases.

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