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Additional info for Choctaw Language and Culture: Chahta Anumpa

Sample text

This opossum was at a creek. That bad bear tried to eat the little opossum. The opossum began to run. He quickly ran off. He got to a tall tree. The bear didn’t eat him. After that, the bear went slowly to the tree. The little opossum looked at him. The bear did not try to eat him. ] ANUMPA ␯LHPESA The Past-Tense Marker -tuk When we wish to mark something as being definitely past, we use the past-tense marker -tuk. The Choctaw past tense is different from English in 29 30 The Past Tense that it is not affixed to each verb as it is in English.

The Basic Sentence 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 27 Amafo-␯t t␯maha iah-o? Amafo-␯t taloah-o? Aki-␯t abinili ossi binilih-o? Aki-␯t sapokni pit h␯kloh-o? Himak ma, amafo-␯t chukka iah-o? Amafo-␯t impah-o? Anumpa ␯lhpesa A. Translate each of the following Choctaw sentences to natural-sounding English. Remember that some concepts in Choctaw grammar cannot be perfectly expressed in English. There may be more than one correct translation. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Am␯nni-␯t tobi humma ␯pa. Anakfi-␯t p␯lhki-hosh balili.

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. two old men these three children that red book those six yellow books that one five sort of brown dogs this hard road Holissochi (Writing) Using the vocabulary words, make as many noun phrases in Choctaw as you can. ” ANUMPA ␯LHPESA Word Order of Sentences In Choctaw the basic word order of sentences is Subject-Object-Verb. ) This means that the whole subject—the noun and its modifiers—comes first in the sentence, followed by the whole object—another noun and its modifiers—followed last by the verb.

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