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Extra resources for Archaeology of the Southwest

Sample text

20 Hohokam Glycymeris shell bracelets Fig. 21 Hohokam copper tinkler bell Fig. 22 Casa Grande, Arizona Fig. 23 Mesa verde keyhole kiva Fig. 24 Pipe Shrine House, Mesa verde National Park Fig. 25 Mug House domestic room suites, Mesa verde National Park Fig. 26 Plan view of Mug House, Mesa verde National Park Fig. 27 Fire Temple, Mesa verde National Park Fig. 28 Sun Temple, Mesa verde National Park Fig. 29 Prudden unit pueblo Fig. 30 Betatakin Ruin, Navajo National Monument, Arizona: (a) plan view; (b) photo Fig.

In the 1930s, archaeologist Anna O. Shepard applied optical petrography (using a special microscope to identify the minerals inside the pottery fabric) to ancient southwestern pottery. She discovered that pottery assumed to have been made at the ancient village where it was eventually excavated had in fact been made elsewhere—in large quantities—and exchanged over very long distances well before there were European or American means of transport, such as horses and cars. Her discoveries suggested that at some times and places, southwestern potters produced much more pottery than they needed for their households and that social networks were much larger than had been thought (see chapter 3).

Eventually, these spread to incorporate some of the Akimel O'odham. Pai were also respected as traders who maintained elaborate networks of trails throughout their territory, some of them crossing the Mojave Desert, the most extreme desert in the United States. Among the Colorado River groups, all males were believed to be endowed with sacred religious power. Individual dreams were important for accessing this power. Public religious ceremonies included curing rituals and initiation rites for both males and females.

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