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5 Source: Lettinga et al. (1996) Principles of anaerobic digestion 31 (1996), the recovery will be quicker if: Acid pH shock 1. 2. 3. (a) Alkaline pH shock The pH drop was not significant. The pH shock had a short duration. The VFA concentration during the pH shock remained low. 1. 2. The pH rise was not significant. The pH shock had a short duration. Alkalinity and buffer capacity The buffer capacity can be understood as the capacity of a solution to avoid changes in the pH. A buffer solution consists of a mixture of a weak acid and its corresponding salt, thus enabling the grouping of the ions H+ and OH− and avoiding both the increase and the decrease of the pH.

26 Anaerobic reactors In general, the concentration of sulfate in domestic sewage is sufficient to provide the sulfur necessary for the bacterial growth, which is required in relatively small amounts. This is due to the low sulfur content in the microbial cells. Other reasons to disregard the need for sulfides in anaerobic digestion include: (i) presence of H2 S in the biogas; (ii) microbial synthesis of sulfide and (iii) precipitation of sulfides by metals. Sulfur and phosphorus seem to be required in the same amount.

In practice, the methanogenic microorganisms become more inhibited only when the COD/SO4 2− ratio is less than 7, but are strongly dependent on the pH. For high COD/SO4 2− ratios (>10), a large portion of the H2 S produced will be removed from the liquid phase, in view of a higher production of biogas, thus reducing its inhibiting effect on the liquid phase. Part of the hydrogen sulfide produced passes to the gaseous phase (biogas), which may cause corrosion and bad odour problems. If the biogas is intended to be used, an additional cost should be estimated for its purification.

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